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Scallop aquaculture
Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product. Wild juvenile scallops, or spat, were collected for growing in Japan as early as 1934.〔Kinoshita T (1935) A test for natural spat collection of the Japanese scallop. Report of the Hokkaido Fish Research Station, 273:1-8.〕 The first attempts to fully cultivate scallops in farm environments were not recorded until the 1950s and 1960s.〔Shumway SE & Parsons GJ (2006). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam.〕 Traditionally, fishing for wild scallops has been the preferred practice, since farming can be expensive. However worldwide declines in wild scallop populations have resulted in the growth of aquaculture. Globally the scallop aquaculture industry is now well established, with a reported annual production totalling over 1,200,000 metric tonnes 〔() 〕 from about 12 species. China and Japan account for about 90% of the reported production.
==Cultured species==
There are varying degrees of aquaculture intensity used for different species of scallop. Therefore, cultured species can be divided into operations that are commercially well-established, those in the early commercial stages, those in development or experimental stages and those where potential for commercial farming has been expressed. Some species fall under multiple categories in different world regions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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